Breath holding for 20 s following extended expiration is a practical, effective and robust standard when measuring cerebrovascular reactivity in healthy adults using BOLD fMRI at 3 T

Background and Purpose: BOLD fMRI is becoming the preferred modality to study cerebrovascular reactivity.Amongst the vasoactive stimuli to induce it, breath holding is considered equal to other methods but both cerebrovascular reserve measures and breath holding designs lack standardization.We have systematically considered whether breath holding p

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The role of exosomes in liver cancer: comprehensive insights from biological function to therapeutic applications

In recent years, cancer, especially primary liver cancer (including hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma), has posed a serious threat to human health.In the field of liver cancer, exosomes play an important role in liver cancer initiation, metastasis and interaction with the tumor microenvironment.Exosomes are a class of nan

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